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High-purity carbon dioxide is extracted from lime kiln flue gas. Anhydrous ammonia is then dissolved in water to create ammonia water, which is introduced into a reactor. In the reactor, the high-purity carbon dioxide reacts with the ammonia water to produce ammonium bicarbonate (NH3 + CO2 + H2O → NH4HCO3). The ammonium bicarbonate formed gradually crystallizes and is subsequently separated by filtration or centrifugation. After drying, the product is packaged and stored, resulting in high-purity ammonium bicarbonate.

This case study outlines the production process of ammonium bicarbonate using 20% (wt) ammonia solution and pure CO2 as raw materials. The process begins with the distillation of ammonia from the ammonia solution using an ammonia distillation tower. The distillate is then absorbed into the mother liquor of ammonium bicarbonate to form an ammonia solution. Subsequently, a two-stage carbonation process is employed to convert the ammonia solution into ammonium bicarbonate using CO2. During the carbonation process, the saturation solubility of ammonium bicarbonate is reached, leading to crystallization. The removal of reaction heat during carbonation helps maintain a balance between crystal growth and nucleation, resulting in the production of uniform-sized ammonium bicarbonate crystals. The crystal slurry is collected in a thickening tank, cooled, and then subjected to centrifugal dehydration. The dehydrated ammonium bicarbonate is then automatically packaged and palletized, producing agricultural ammonium bicarbonate products in 50kg bags.

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